INDIAN PSYCHOLOGY PERCEPTION BY JADUNATH SINHA Professor of Philosophy, Meerat College LONDON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER CO., LTD. BROADWAY HOUSE, CARTER LANE, B. C. 1934 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, LTD., HERTFORD CONTENTS XV PREFACE BOOK I CHAPTER I THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF PERCEPTION . Introduction The Nature of the Sense-organs The Buddhist The Jaina The Samkhya The Origin of the Sense-organs The Principal and Subordinate Organs The Vrtti of the Sense-organs Suirata and Caraka The Vedanta The Nature of the Sense-organs The Ny ya-Vaisesika The MimSmsaka Ar, e the Karmendriyas really Sense-organs Are there three Internal Organs Is the Manas a Sense-organ The External Organs and Internal Organ or Organs Are the External Sense-organs Prapyakari or Aprapyakari The Buddhist The Ny2ya-Vaisesika The Samkhya The MimSmsaka The VedSntist Are the External Sense-organs Physical thautika or Psychical ahamkarika Is there only one Sense-organ Is the Tactual Organ the only Sense-organ BOOK II CHAPTER II 31 INDETERMINATE PERCEPTION AND DETERMINATE PERCEPTION Introduction amkara The Buddhist The saka The Samkhya The Vaisesika The NaiySyika The Neo-NaiySyika The Neo-amkarite RsmSnuja Madhva and VaUabha The 3sbdika The NaiySyika Criticism of the Sabdika ViewProof of the Existence of Indeterminate Perception Proof of the Existence of Determinate Perception The NySya-Vaifesika Analysis of Definite and Determinate Perception Does Determinate Perception involve Inference ri CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER II THE OBJECTS AND CONDITIONS OF PERCEPTION ... 66 The Objects of Perception Olfactory Perception Gustatory Perception Auditory Perception Visual Per ception Tactual Perception InternalPerception Common Sensibles The Condition of Knowledge The General Conditions of External Perception The Conditions of the Visual Perception of Colour The Conditions of Tactual, Olfactory, and Gustatory Perception. BOOK III CHAPTER IV PERCEPTION AND SANNIKARSA 75 Introduction The earlier Nyaya-Vaisesika The later Nyaya-Vaisesika Samanya-Laksana-Sannikarsa Jnana-Laksana-Sannikarsa Yogaj a-Sannikarsa The Mlrna rii saka The Samkarite The other Schools of VedSnta. CHAPTER V ACQUIRED PERCEPTION ....... 86 Introduction The Jaina The Samkara-Vedantist The Nyaya-Vaisesika. CHAPTER VI RECOGNITION 93 The Nature of Recognition The Buddhist The NySya-Vai esika The Mlmarhsaka The Samkara-VedSntist The Jaina The Jaina Criticism of the Nyaya-Vaisesika View The Jaina Criticism of the Buddhist View. BOOK IV CHAPTER VII THEORIES OF PERCEPTION 103 The Buddhist Theory of Perception The Jaina Theory of Perception The NaiySyika Theory of Perception The Neo-Naiyayika Theory of Perception the MlmSmsaka Theory of Perception. CONTENTS vii CHAPTER VIII THEORIES OF PERCEPTION continued . . . .117 The S2mkhya Theory of Perception The Place and Function of the Sense-organs The Function of the External Sense-organs The Function of the Manas The Function of Ahamkara - The Function of Buddhi The Unity of the Functions of the Internal Organs The Relation of the External Sense-organs to the Internal Organ The Purusa as the Transcendental Principle in Perception The Relation of the Sense-organs to the Purusa The Conditions of Per ception The Vedanta Theory of Perception The Identi fication of Pramana-caitanya with Prameya-caitanya The Identification of Pramatr-caitanya with Pramana-caitanya The Internal Perception TheIdentity of Locus of the Mental Mode and the Object The Identity of the Time position of the Mental Mode and the Object The Fitness of the Object The Different Kinds of Perception The Function of Antahkarana and the Sense-organs in Per ception The Vedantist Doctrine of Vrtti Objections to the Vedantist Doctrine of Vrtti considered. BOOK V CHAPTER IX PERCEPTION OF SPACE AND MOVEMENT . . . ...